Environmental problems in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka's Environmental Challenges

             Sri Lanka, known for its stunning landscapes and abundant biodiversity, faces a growing environmental crisis due to pollution. As the island nation's population and industries have expanded, so have the challenges associated with various forms of pollution. This article delves into the different types of pollution affecting Sri Lanka and the repercussions for its environment and people.

 1. Air Pollution:

 Air pollution is a significant problem in Sri Lanka, especially in urban areas like Colombo. The primary sources of air pollution include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and agricultural practices. The consequences are dire, leading to respiratory illnesses, reduced visibility, and environmental degradation. Measures like improving public transportation and stricter emissions regulations are necessary to address this issue.

E.g. :- According to the recently released data, air pollution has increased in most parts of the country except in the south, including Colombo, Kandy, Puttalam, Vavuniya and Jaffna. As the impact of COVID 19 increased in Sri Lanka, various restrictions were imposed there. As a result, environmentalists say the current rise in air pollution is a cause for concern, although the rate of air pollution should have been reduced as traffic has decreased. The report said that air pollution within the country may have increased due to the prevailing windy weather in the areas surrounding Sri Lanka. It is also said that due to high levels of air pollution in India, there is a possibility of air pollution in the border areas of Sri Lanka.

 2. Water Pollution:

 The island's freshwater sources, including rivers and lakes, are threatened by water pollution. Industrial discharge, improper waste disposal, and agricultural runoff contaminate these vital resources. This pollution affects aquatic ecosystems, threatens drinking water quality, and poses health risks to both humans and wildlife. Stricter enforcement of environmental laws and increased public awareness are needed to combat water pollution.

E.g.:- The main sources of water pollution in Kelani river is the land based sources such as treated and untreated industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, domestic and municipal effluents. The gravity of water pollution is apparent when examining water quality measurements of Kelani River, which meets a major part of the demand for pipe borne drinking water supplies of Colombo.

 3. Marine Pollution:

 Sri Lanka, with its extensive coastline, faces a growing challenge of marine pollution. The improper disposal of plastics and other non-biodegradable materials has led to the accumulation of marine debris along its shores. Additionally, oil spills and overfishing further harm the marine environment, impacting fisheries and coastal communities. Strengthening waste management systems and implementing sustainable fishing practices are essential to protect Sri Lanka's marine ecosystems.

E.g. Marine  pollution were Dondra, Weligama and Ambalangoda, all in Southern province, due to significant recreational activity as well as fishing.

 4. Soil Pollution:

 Soil pollution is another environmental concern in Sri Lanka, primarily due to the overuse of agrochemicals in agriculture. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers have led to soil degradation, reduced crop yields, and potential health risks to farmers and consumers. Promoting organic farming practices and monitoring the use of chemicals are critical steps toward mitigating soil pollution.

E.g.:-  Soil degradation is one of the crucial environmental problems in the Nuwara Eliya District in Sri Lanka.

 5. Noise Pollution:

 Urbanization and increased industrial activities have contributed to noise pollution in Sri Lanka. Noise pollution can have adverse effects on human health, including stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing impairment. Implementing noise regulations in urban areas and promoting responsible land use planning can help address this issue.

E.g.:- Pollution by noise is a public health problem in the city of Colombo Sri Lanka. 

 6. Light Pollution:

Light pollution Map

 Light pollution is a relatively less-discussed concern but has its own impacts on the environment. Excessive artificial lighting disrupts ecosystems and affects the behavior of wildlife. Preserving dark skies and implementing regulations to control light pollution can help maintain the island's unique biodiversity.

 The environmental problems associated with pollution in Sri Lanka are multi-faceted and interconnected. Addressing these issues requires a coordinated effort from the government, industries, and the public. Implementing and enforcing stringent environmental regulations, promoting sustainable practices, and increasing awareness are crucial steps to protect Sri Lanka's natural beauty and ensure a healthier future for its citizens. Preserving this island paradise for future generations necessitates collective action to combat pollution and restore the balance of its fragile ecosystems.